Research Plan

（1. The following is my paper plan, but it is not complete, plz finish part 5. Driving Questions. part7. Synthesis Outline.part 9. Research Evaluation.
（2. As for part 5, plz come up with five driving questions based on part 3
（3. As for part 7, plz find answers to that five driving questions from the seven sources i sent you, . there is a example given
（4. As for part 9, plz answer it in your own opinion.
Total about 400 words ）

Synthesis Project Plan

As you conduct research and receive feedback, you will often need to make slight adjustments to your project. As you go, keep updating your project plan, adding new ideas and changing or removing irrelevant information.

Course Theme. Write the course theme below.
• Media literacy

1. Audience. Complete the chart below:
The audience for your final research paper is the editors and readers of The George Mason Review, an undergraduate research journal.

Things my audience probably already knows. (You may think of the things you knew before you started researching this topic). Things my audience probably does not know. (These things will need to be explained in your paper.)

• Television advertisements exert an influence on people’s consumption.
• Advertisements sometimes are false or exaggerated
• People’s advertising literacy may need improvement.
• What are the specific effects of television advertisements on people of different ages?
• People of different ages have different reactions to television advertisements and advertising literacy.
• How do people of different ages improve their advertising literacy?

2. Purpose and Exigence Statement. Please fill in the blanks in the sentence below. What topic do you want to research? Why do you want to research this topic? In other words, what personal, social, and research problems surround your object of study? Although we include personal exigence for now, most probably your scholarly audience will be interested in other two exigence types in the paper.

Fill in the following sentence:
I am researching the effect of media literacy on preventing fake news because
– I’m interested in how television advertising may influence our consumption and how to distinguish true and false information, because I feel that sometimes I am affected by the advertisements and buy something unnecessary. By doing this research, I hope to get some knowledge about how to improve my advertising literacy to critically react to the television advertisements.
– For the social exigence, people of different ages might all be negatively influenced by the false or exaggerated information of the television advertisements, leading to irrational consumption, which has serious consequences and may even threatens life. For instance, some old people may excessively trust those health products which may actually do harm to their health.
– For research exigence, previous studies failed to systematically analyze the effect of television advertising on the consumption of people of different ages and compare the advertising literacy of people of different ages.

3. Research Question.
A good research question is often:
• Specific and Clear. For example, “How can art help children deal with trauma?” is a bit too general. It is not clear what type of art or what type of trauma you will study.
• Distinct. That is, the answer should not be obvious or easily taken from one source. It should be a step toward further research, investigation, and reflection.
• Includes your key concepts. Include at least one key concept from the course in your research question.
• Makes a connection between two key concepts (e.g., the effect of concept X on concept Y; the role of concept X in development of concept Y; etc.).

Research Question: Write your research question here.

What strategies do advertisers use to influence purchasing bahvaviours of different age groups?

4. Thesis Statement. Your thesis is your new offering, or in other words, a 1-2 sentence answer to your research question. It will appear at the end of your introduction and will outline the most important parts of your argument. Your thesis will develop as you find more research, so keep track of all versions of your thesis statement below.

Thesis: Write your thesis here.

People of different ages have different reactions to television advertising and need to improve their media literacy from different perspectives.

5. Driving Questions. Please write sub-questions below that you will need to answer as you complete your project. These questions should provide you with a basic outline for your paper. Ask yourself, “In order to support my thesis, what question/topic do I need to answer first, second, third, etc.?” As your project evolves and changes, please delete and add new questions. There is no exact number of driving questions that you must have – it will depend on your research question.

1. How does television advertising influence people of different ages?
2-4. What strategies do TV advertisers use to influence purchasing bahvaviours of different age groups? (2-4 different strategies)
5. How does media literacy improve […] people of different ages?

6. Your Key Concepts. Fill in the first column in the chart below with the key concepts from your project. Then for each concept, write down synonyms that have a broader, narrower, and related meaning. You will use different combinations of these keywords to search for relevant articles for your project in databases.

Key Concept Broader terms Narrower Terms Related terms
Advertising literacy Media literacy Critical advertising literacy Media effects
Advertising Media Television advertising publicity
Age Individual variables Children, adults Gender

7. Synthesis Outline. As you find source information that helps you answer each of your driving questions, paraphrase or quote the idea. Keep track of the page number and the author!
This will be the evidence for your body paragraphs. Under each piece of evidence, explain how the citation helps you support your topic sentence.

Example:

Body Paragraph 2
Driving Question 2: Why should adults be educated on media literacy?

Topic Sentence: Similarly to adolescents, adults should be educated on media literacy because they can also be misled by inaccurate information.
a. Evidence from one source: “A group of friends picnicking in southern India this month stopped their car to offer some local children chocolate. It proved to be a deadly mistake — rumors quickly spread on WhatsApp that they were child kidnappers. A virulent mob gathered in response to the messages. In the end, one of the picnickers, a software engineer named Mohammed Azam Ahmed, 32, lay dead” (Dwoskin & Gowen, 2018, pp. 2-3).
b. Analysis/connection to the next source information: If the adults involved into the murder verified the accuracy of the rumor, the unfortunate event would have been averted.
c. Evidence from a second source: “In a national survey of youth aged 11-18, Metzger et al. (2015) found that students who reported discussing credibility evaluation with parents or teachers were more likely to believe a hoax website” (Bulger & Davison, 2018, p.10).
d. Analysis/connection to the next source information: These results demonstrate that adults involved in educating children both at schools and at home might share inaccurate information with them.
e. If you can make connections to more sources, add more
f. Conclusion: Therefore, adults should work on improving their media literacy skills.

Start building your body paragraphs here. At a minimum, add the topic sentence and evidence for each paragraph:

Body Paragraph 1
Driving Question 1:

Topic Sentence:
a. Evidence:
b. Analysis/connection:
c. Evidence:
d. Analysis/connection:
e. Conclusion:

Body Paragraph 2
Driving Question 2:

Topic Sentence:
a. Evidence:
b. Analysis/connection:
c. Evidence:
d. Analysis/connection:
e. Conclusion:

Body Paragraph 3
Driving Question 3:

Topic Sentence:
a. Evidence:
b. Analysis/connection:
c. Evidence:
d. Analysis/connection:
e. Conclusion:

[Continue adding as many paragraphs as you need]

8. Annotated Bibliography. For each source, create an annotated bibliography entry, which will consist of the following three parts:
1) An appropriate APA end-of-the-document reference
2) A source summary (one paragraph), which includes the major rhetorical elements.
3) A reflection (one paragraph) on why it is an appropriate source for your project and how you might use it. In other words, what specific points and facts are important for answering one or more driving questions.
Sources should be arranged in alphabetical order. You will start with the first four sources and then continue adding new sources as you find them.

1.
The article titled “Promises, Challenge, and Future of Media Literacy” is written by Monica Bulger and Patrick Davison and published in 2018 to discuss the effectiveness of media literacy with also recommendations provided as the research object. Different from the widely accepted opinion that media literacy is a panacea to media misinformation, the authors in this article deem that media literacy needs to be further discussed, which demonstrates the exigence of this article. Therefore, this article is for the purpose of describing the strengths and weaknesses of media literacy and offering recommendations to stakeholders. After advantages and disadvantages of media literacy, the authors propose that the effectiveness of media literacy to deal with media disinformation is still uncertain, which is the new offering of this article. Finally, the authors propose five recommendations for those interested in developing the future of media literacy, including academics, technologists, and policymakers who are relevant to this theme.

2.
The article entitled “Commitment, Challenge, and Future of Media Literacy” is written by Monica Bourg and Patrick Davidson and published in 2018 to discuss the commitment, challenge and future of media literacy as the research object. Different from the widely accepted opinion that media literacy is a panacea to media misinformation, the authors in this article deem that media literacy needs to be further discussed, which demonstrate the exigence of this article. Therefore, this article is for the purpose of describing the strengths and weaknesses of media literacy and offering recommendations to stakeholders. After discussing the strengths and weakness of media literacy, the authors propose the effectiveness of media literacy to deal with media disinformation is still uncertain, which is the new offering of this article. Finally, the authors propose five recommendations for those interested in developing a media literacy future, including academics, technologists, and policymakers who are relevant to this article.

3. the article titled “evaluation of a us school – based media literacy violence prevention curriculum on changes in knowledge and critical thinking among adolescents” is written by Theresa Webb and Kathryn Martin and published in 2012 to prevention of media violence of adolescents. The relationship between violent crime and media violence among youth, the negative influence of media violence on adolescents, such as fear, aggression, desensitization, which demonstrates the exigence of this article. The purpose of this article is to investigate the effectiveness of a media literacy curriculum on which demonstrates the exigence of this article. The study found that the media literacy curriculum could help students to understand the media violence better and improve their skills of preventing media violence. Is the new offering of this study. The relevance of this article is the schools and educators that may use this kind of media literacy curriculum, Beyond Blame. This group of readers are closely related to this paper.

4. The titled of this article is “the mediating role of advertising literacy and the moderating influence of parental mediation on how children of different ages react to brand placements” is written by Liselot Hudders and Veroline Cauberghe published in 2017. The object of study is advertising literacy and parental on chilren’s react to brand attitudes. “ however, it is unclear from what age children are able to identify and understand brand placements as these are often subtle and interwoven with the story line” this sentence points out the exigence of this study, namely, previous studies have not figured out from what age children could identify the brand placements. the purpose of this study, which includes three parts: 1. examine the development of children’s advertising literacy by age, 2. explore the effect of parental advertising mediation on helping children to deal with brand placements, and 3. test the effects of advertising literacy on the evaluation of brands in the movie. There are several new offerings of this study, distributed in the discussion and conclusion parts. The new offerings include that older children are better able to detect brand placement compared to the younger children; parental advertising mediation could increase brand attitudes for the younger children but not the older children. The relevance of the study, namely the group related to this study is those policy makers who could restrict advertisers and producers in the use of media content and direct parents to educate their children.

5. The article titled “ exploring baseline food- media literacy of adult women” is written by Tina L. Peterson published in 2012. The object of study is the study focuses on adult women’s media literacy in terms of food media. The exigence of the study is significant because relevant research has seldom targeted adult. “In this paper I describe the process and findings of a pair of focus groups designed to investigate the capacity of adult women to engage critically with food media texts.” This sentence tells us the purpose of the study. This study is aimed at exploring the media literacy responses of adult women to food media texts. The new offering of this study is that it found that personal experience with food preparation and experience wit food production are the key components in the adult food-media literacy. At the last the relevant group may be the researchers on media literacy, reflected in this sentence.

6.The article titled “Market Research and Advertising Strategy in Portuguese Agencies: Perspectives of Professionals” is written by Paulo Ribeiro Cardoso published in 2007. The object of study is to understand, systematize, and describe the process of research and strategy in advertising agencies. The authors analyzed this subject while taking into consideration a process that goes from the reception of the client’s brief until beginning of the creative work. After that, they wrote that they describe the methodology applied in the investigation and present the results. In the end, limitations of the study and further research are presented.

7.The article titled “Customer value anticipation, product innovativeness, and customer lifetime value: The moderating role of advertising strategy” is witten by Hao Zhang, Xianning Liang and Shiquan Wang in 2015. The object of study is to figure out the methods to manage individual customer and maximize his/her lifetime value, which is the key to increase customer equity. Firstly, they confirmed that a highly market-orientated firm is supposed to spend resources and attention on tracking market trends as well as monitoring customers’ dynamic needs.Thus, the ability to anticipate customer value is critical for firms. Secondly, product innovativeness is attached great importance in the field of innovation litearature, which refers to the degree of newness and novelty of the product. Moreover, it shows that recent research indicates that different customer value communication activities may jointly influence customer vale and firm value.

Reflections on the reasons for choosing these articles

The article “The Promises, Challenges and Futures of Media Literacy” is useful for my paper in that it provides many concepts related to media literacy and rich explanations about the functions of media literacy. Since my paper is designed to investigate people’s advertising literacy, a subtype of media literacy, the concepts of media literacy can be quoted in the introduction part and the illustration of the functions of the media literacy might be evidence for the second and third driving questions, namely, how advertising literacy influence people’s reactions to television advertisements and how to improve people’s advertising literacy.

The article “Priming Effects of Television Food Advertising on Eating Behavior” is also instructive for my paper, because this article reports an empirical research on how television food advertising influences the eating behaviors of adults and children, reflecting the effects of television advertising on the consuming behaviors of people of different ages, which is exactly what the first driving question of my paper aims to figure out. So this article can provide evidence for my argumentation. Besides, this study found that children and adults are influenced differently by television advertising, suggesting that people’s advertising literacy differ by age. This point is crucial for my second driving question. Moreover, this study concludes that both children and adults are greatly influenced by advertising, which is in line with the prediction of my paper that people of all ages need to improve their advertising literacy.

In the third source, “Evaluation of a US school-based media literacy violence prevention curriculum on changes in knowledge and critical thinking among adolescents”, what may be helpful for my paper is that this article points out the negative influence of media violence on adolescents’ life, and media violence may be contained in television advertisements, so this article could provide evidence about the negative effects of television advertising on children’s life. Besides, this study also found that media literacy could help adolescents to improve their abilities to distinguish between useful and harmful information, highlight the function of media literacy, and this may support my third driving question.

The fourth source is an article, “The mediating role of advertising literacy and the moderating influence of parental mediation on how children of different ages react to brand placements”, reports an empirical study investigating the role of advertising literacy in how children of different ages respond to brand placement and how parental advertising mediation strategies can attenuate advertising effects. The results about how children respond to advertisement could serve as the evidence for my first driving question. The discussion on the effect of parental advertising mediation on children’s advertising literacy gives some implications for my third driving question, for it is relevant to how to improve people’s advertising literacy.

The fifth article “Exploring Baseline Food-Media Literacy of Adult Women” is very important for my paper, because it targets adult, whereas the third and forth articles focuses on children, so that my paper, cover people of different ages, could get the evidence about adults from this article. The author conducted an empirical study to investigate adult women’s media literacy of food media texts. The results are useful mainly for my second driving question. To be specific, this study explores the capacity of adults to engage critically with advertisements for food, thus the results may offer evidence for the advertising literacy of adults.

The sixth article “Market Research and Advertising Strategy in Portuguese Agencies: Perspectives of Professionals” tells me the behaviors of clients and how the agencies gather information to know their clients and how to use this information to make effective advertising strategy. From this article I learned that there are a lot of professionals trying to design advertising strategies to affect clients’ behavior. And this is an important reason why media literacy is necessary for people in all ages.

The seventh article “Customer value anticipation, product innovativeness, and customer lifetime value: The moderating role of advertising strategy” tells me two categories of advertising strategy. From statistical models I learned that functional ads and emotional ads both play positive roles in the relationship between product innovativeness and customer life value. From this I learned that experts have already do deep reseach on the long-term advertising effect on clients. It means that the public have already been deeply affected by advertisements, some of which can mislead people. That’s why people need advertisement literacy.
9. Research Evaluation. This part should be completed once all of the seven sources are compiled. Your research evaluation should be approximately 500 words.
A. Evaluate your research progress: Discuss the ways in which research has changed, complicated, and confirmed your ideas, and addressed your research gaps. What information has changed your project or research question? How? What information do you still need? Why?
B. Evaluate your body of research: Explore the complex connections between your sources (beyond agree/disagree). For example, does source 1 complicate source 2 or give statistics to support source 4’s claims?